Heat transfer mechanism for Newtonian and non-Newtonian casson hybrid nanofluid subject to thermophoresis and Brownian motion over a movable wedge surface

This study investigates the effects of thermophoresis and Brownian motion on the heat transfer and flow dynamics of an ethylene glycol-based CuO and Al 2 O 2 hybrid nanofluid across a movable wedge surface under magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) influence. Employing the Runge–Kutta Fehlberg (RKF-45) method combined with the shooting technique, we analyzed how varying magnetic field intensity, wedge angle, and nanoparticle concentration impact thermal and velocity profiles. Key findings reveal that an increase in the magnetic field parameter M enhances the thermal boundary layer thickness by approximately 18%, indicating improved heat retention. The Nusselt number, representing heat transfer efficiency, was observed to increase by up to 25% as the thermophoretic parameter Nt rose, signifying a stronger heat transfer effect. Additionally, increasing the wedge angle led to a 15% reduction in thermal and concentration boundary layers, enhancing thermal management. The study provides insights into how these parameters modulate heat and mass transport, which has practical implications for optimizing thermal performance in industrial and engineering applications, such as cooling systems and heat exchangers.