Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of vanadium-doped titanium dioxide nanotubes

Undoped and vanadium (V)-doped titanium dioxide nanotubes (TNTs and VTNTs, respectively) were synthesized by hydrothermal method for biological applications. The fabricated nanotubes were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD and vibrational spectra results showed as-prepared nanotubes were complete anatase phase. The characterization of the morphology of the as-obtained nanotubes reveals that the samples are tubular in shape and the starting spherical titanium particles were fully transformed into a tubular material. The TEM and SEM results are in good agreement with XRD, FT-IR, and Raman analysis. The purpose of this study is to produce and characterize the vanadium-doped titanium dioxide nanotubes, such that this material can be employed for biomedical applications. TEM and SEM findings cleared that vanadium doping does not affect significantly the structure of titanium dioxide nanotubes which are uniform and compact.