Optimization of conjunctive use of surface and groundwater by using LINGO and PSO in water resources management

Optimization of conjunctive use of surface and groundwater has become a necessity aid in sustainable irrigation methods that supposed to opt in Khatav taluka of Maharashtra state, India. The study area falls under semi-arid condition and edged with water stressed which is having average annual rainfall of 560 mm. The main objective of this study was to formulate the model of conjunctive use of water and to restrict the water scarcity at the minimal extent along with maximum yields from agricultural practices. The set objectives were achieved by joint optimization techniques of LINGO and particle swarm optimization (PSO) where model has been run by using LINGO and validated by PSO. The conjunctive use of water was employed to overcome various constraints like volume of water, depth of groundwater, gross area of cultivation and total area under irrigation. The results of present study show its feasibility and the ease of applicability in such water sacred area, where conjunctive use of water in different seasons saves the surface water approximately up to 49% in the hot season, 27% in Kharif, and 32% in Rabi seasons. This study inferred that the cropping pattern has to be in ordered manner such that it can balance the available water resources. This can be done by lowering of crop productions other than sugarcane and onion by 12–15% which leads to increment of overall net returns approximately by 8% and more during above mentioned seasons.