Blast analysis of tunnels in Manhattan-Schist and Quartz-Schist using coupled-Eulerian–Lagrangian method

The tunnels are the lifeline of urban centers and play a significant role in the mass transportation of goods and services. They are the locales of accident and target for subversive activities, including terror attacks. Society needs to be well aware of such accidents and mitigation methods. We have carried out the analysis of internal blast loading using finite element analysis for two different rock tunnels constructed in Manhattan-Schist and Quartz-Schist rock employing Abaqus. The coupled-Eulerian–Lagrangian method has been considered for advanced modeling of the air inside the tunnel and 100 kg of Trinitrotoluene (TNT) explosive. TNT has been considered as material for better results by using Jones–Wilkins–Lee model and Eulerian volume fraction tool in the Abaqus have been used. This study concludes that rocks having a higher angle of friction are more resistant to blast loading. Further, rocks having lower cohesion are more blast resistant. However, if the design of tunnel support remains constant in rocks, then, damage in the tunnel lining remains the same, but deformations vary.