Ultrasonic velocity and density measurement for mortar characterization: Investigation of correlations with mortar porosity and sand grain size

Non-destructive evaluation of mortar properties is critically important. This study explores the ultrasonic velocity in mortar samples with varied sand particle sizes using 1 MHz transducers immersed in water through the ultrasonic transmission technique. Measurements of density and porosity comply with ASTM C642-97 standards. Relationships between ultrasonic velocity and density across different sand grain sizes are established, and the impact of grain size and porosity is analyzed through ultrasonic velocity data. In accordance with ASTM C642-97, the water absorption capacity of mortar samples varying in sand sizes is examined, emphasizing the influence of density related to grain size and porosity. The relationship between porosity and sand grain size is delineated and depicted in a contour plot, facilitating the assessment of mortar quality based on porosity variations.