Vibrations of a Violin While the f-Holes were Sequentially Cut

The impact of cutting the f -holes in a completed violin was investigated based on two measurable characteristics of the instrument. One of these aspects focused on the signature modes, while the other involved monitoring the graph of the bridge mobility. A particular emphasis was placed on analyzing this graph due to existing literature suggesting the connection of the bridge hill to the presence of f -holes. In the case of two real violins, bridge mobility was measured using an ultra-miniature accelerometer and an impact hammer. Concurrently, signature modes were recorded using Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry, an optical technique that performs well on rough surfaces; hence, the violins employed were intentionally left unvarnished. One of the violins lacked f -holes but included the rest of the structural elements. It was measured in stages as the f -holes were cut. The second violin adhered to a standard design but featured slightly wider f -holes, serving as a reference. Additionally, bridge mobility and signature modes were simulated for a finite element violin soundbox both with and without f -holes. Contrary to expectations, both the experiments and simulations revealed the emergence of the Bridge Hill even in the absence of f -holes. However, the alteration of the middle and high-frequency response was evident during the f -hole cutting process, accompanied by the observation of CBR as well as B 1 - and B 1 + modes.