Guillain Barre Syndrome as a Complication of Infections Including COVID-19: a Review

Purpose of Review The purpose was to analyze scientific findings on Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS) related to COVID-19 and emphasize its relationship with GBS. In this article, besides COVID-19 , we explained various causative agents associated with GBS, their mechanism of action, diagnosis, and treatment. Recent Findings GBS is an acute inflammatory immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy. Patients with infections linked to GBS frequently produce antibodies against the gangliosides of the human peripheral nerves. This results in the entry of viruses or bacteria, like COVID-19 and Zika , into the body, generating antibodies against viruses or bacteria. Due to molecular mimicry, these antibodies target various lipo-oligosaccharides in microbes and structurally similar gangliosides in the brain. Target on gangliosides by the antibodies leads to demyelination of neurons, leading to loss of neurons that leads to GBS. Even though the relationship between GBS and COVID-19 has recently been the subject of numerous case reports, the degree of this relationship and the characteristics of GBS in this instance remain largely unknown. Guillain–Barre syndrome connected with COVID-19 has shown more severe symptoms. Summary We establish a significant correlation between the two diseases ( COVID-19 and GBS) and the mechanism of action of other causative agents responsible for GBS, its diagnosis, and treatment. We explained the different types of GBS and the differences in how the disease appears. Graphical Abstract