Management of Submacular Hemorrhage

Purpose of Review To review management strategies for submacular hemorrhage with a focus on studies from the last five years. Recent Findings Thick submacular hemorrhage is a potentially devastating complication of choroidal neovascularization, trauma, retinal vascular disease, and ophthalmic surgery. Common treatments include intravitreal antiangiogenic therapy, pneumatic displacement, pars plana vitrectomy, intravitreal or subretinal tissue plasminogen activator, subretinal air, and combinations thereof. Recent reports support the safety and efficacy of numerous treatment strategies and have offered improved techniques and instrumentation for subretinal injections. Summary While there are numerous options for the patient with submacular hemorrhage, optimal management remains controversial. Randomized controlled trials are ongoing, and additional study is still needed to refine the treatment paradigm.