Cleaner Dyeing of Pineapple Fabric Using Musa acuminata Natural Dye and Acacia nilotica Bio-Mordant with Enhanced Functionality

Natural dyeing of the textile substrate has been gaining interest in the last few decades if we consider environmental pollution and sustainability. Applying natural dyes with metallic or bio-mordant is entirely non-toxic, chemical-free, non-hazardous, and eco-friendly, in addition to the diverse functionalities attained by the fabric following the dyeing process. Banana midrib ( Musa acuminata ) is a natural product of anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiallergic, antioxidant, and anticancer properties used in pharmaceutical industries. It has brown-beige color and can be considered a natural dye. The novelty of this work is that banana midrib natural dye is applied on pineapple natural fabric. Because of the lack of affinity of this natural dye toward the textile substrate, this is applied with the help of babul bark as a bio-mordant over the pineapple. An interesting fact is that the color of babul bark is also brown-beige. Various concentrations of babul bark and banana midrib extract were used to dye the fabric. The fabric samples that underwent the dyeing process were tested for color coordinates, color strength, and fastness property determination while characterized for antibacterial, antioxidant, and ultraviolet protection. The color strength increased due to babul bark and banana midrib concentration. The dyed fabric has demonstrated exceptional properties in wash and rubbing fastness. The dyed fabric has shown 97.18% antibacterial activity, 99.87% antioxidant activity, and excellent ultraviolet protection. As a result, the successful dyeing of pineapple fabric using banana midrib natural dye and babul bark as a bio-mordant has been achieved. The dyeing process is both environmentally friendly and sustainable, imparting the fabric with multiple functionalities. Graphical Abstract