Effect of aluminum oxide nanoparticles in algae biodiesel blend as a fuel in CRID engine and its performance, emission and combustion aspects

In the present study, the algae biodiesel blend (B20) was used together with different proportions of alumina nanoparticles (AONP) as fuel. The performance and emission characteristics of the algae biodiesel blend (B20) are evaluated using different proportions of AONP nanoparticles. The ANOP concentration varied in increments of 30 ppm from 30 to 120 ppm, along with a B20 blend on a volume basis, where the B20 blend contains 80% diesel and 20% algae biodiesel. A common rail direct-injection engine was used, and various load conditions were studied. A mechanical homogenizer and an ultrasonic device were used to disperse the nanoparticles in the fuel. In the present study, the results at maximum load using the blended fuel with B20/AONP (120 ppm) showed a 21.33% reduction in specific fuel consumption compared to the base fuel, an 8.1% increase in BTE, a 25.14% reduction in HC emissions, a 22% reduction in smoke opacity, and a 27.78% reduction in CO emissions compared to the base fuel. Nitrogen oxide emissions increased by 6.3% compared to the base fuel. B20 with AONP 120 ppm gave the best results compared to all fuels with AONP addition.