Role of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in integrated constructed wetlands: a review on its phytoremediation potential

Now a days a very active research area is to develop highly efficient and environmental friendly treatment technologies for wastewaters. A very reliable treatment technology is for treating different types of wastewater is integrated constructed wetlands. Phytoremediation is primary treatment process of constructed wetlands. It is actually cleaning of environment through vegetation. A plant water hyacinth is one of the very proficient plant utilized in constructed wetlands. To review role of water hyacinth in integrated constructed wetlands, its uptake mechanism in terms of heavy metals, organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus has been studied and demonstrated in this paper. Possibility of using water hyacinth for the removal of contaminants existing in various types of wastewaters is the focal objective of this paper, has been studied and demonstrated in the form of removal efficiency. Now a days the focus is on sustainable approach for developing wastewater treatment capabilities. Utilization of invasive plants for phyto-technologies for the abatement of pollution, can indeed support the sustainable management for treating wastewater.