Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles prepared by leaves extract of Trigonila foenum-graecum and its antibacterial potential against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Nanoparticles (NPs) are the subject of significant attention because of their unique physicochemical properties. Current antibiotic resistance status and microbial toxicity are the significant factors posing hurdles in disease management regularly. This research aimed to discover the antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) utilizing various species of gram-negative bacteria. Herein, the primary objective was to synthesize silver nanoparticles with a bio-reduction method using leaves extract of fenugreek. The silver nitrate and fenugreek leaves extract were used as precursor and reducing agents, respectively. Advanced analytical methods such as ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize freshly produced AgNPs. UV-vis spectroscopy indicated a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak (maximum) at 415 nm, and SEM tests verified that the AgNPs were spherical with sizes varying from 20 to 50 nm. The planes (111), (200), (220), and (311) and 2 θ values of 38.5°, 43.8°, 64.7°, and 77.5° were disclosed by the XRD patterns. The AgNPs were verified using the face-centered cubic (FCC), and they were shown to have antibacterial action toward Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The agar well diffusion (AWD) method was used with three concentrations (25 μg ml −1 , 50 μg ml −1 , and 100 μg ml −1 ), with zones of inhibition against P. aeruginosa and E. coli of 16.8 mm, 15.2 mm, and 12.8 mm, and 16 mm, 14.4 mm, and 12.8 mm, respectively. This significant ( p < 0.05) antimicrobial activity may lead to the use of these NPs as nanomedicines against several diseases caused by gram-negative bacteria.