Lipid production and composition of fatty acids in Chlorella vulgaris cultured using different methods: photoautotrophic, heterotrophic, and pure and mixed conditions

This study investigated the biomass, lipid production, fatty acid content, and other nutrients present in microorganisms by using four culture methods: (1) photoautotrophic pure Chlorella vulgaris cultures (PP); (2) heterotrophic pure C. vulgaris cultures (PH); (3) mixed cultures of Rhodotorula glutinis and C. vulgaris under photoautotrophic conditions (MP); and (4) heterotrophic mixed cultures (MH). The microorganisms in MP culture showed the optimum growth condition and lipid production. Among the cultures, MP yielded the highest number of cells and biomass (5.9 × 10⁵cells/mL and 0.523 g/L, respectively). Furthermore, lipid production in MP culture was 114.22 mg/L, which is 136 % higher than that in MH culture (48.22 mg/L). Considering the higher contents of palmitic acid (C16:0) at 24.65 %, oleic acid (C18:1) at 56.34 %, and protein at 42.39 g/100 g in the MP culture than in other cultures, we proposed that MP could be used effectively to support the growth of microorganisms. This method could also be used as a potential approach for biodiesel production.