Early fecal microbiome transfer after donor defecation determines response in patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis

Background Fecal microbiome transfer (FMT) targeting gut microbiome dysbiosis is an emerging therapy for ulcerative colitis (UC). There is however no consensus on protocols for performing FMT in UC, especially in relation to time after donor feces defecation. Methods This is a single-center retrospective analysis of patients with moderate-severe UC (total Mayo Clinic score ≥6 and endoscopic Mayo Clinic subscore of ≥2) treated with FMT between September 2017 and December 2019 at Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India. Fresh fecal samples from unrelated healthy voluntary donors were administered through colonoscopy at weeks 0, 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, and 22. Time interval between donor feces defecation and FMT procedure was recorded for each FMT session and the mean time of seven sessions was designated aika . Impact of aika on clinical response and safety of FMT was evaluated. Results During the study period, 123 adult patients (mean age 33.75±11.97 years, 61.8% [ n =76] males) with moderate-severe UC (mean total Mayo Clinic and endoscopic Mayo Clinic scores 7.49±1.60 and 2.50±0.50, respectively) were treated with FMT. The mean aika was 2.29±0.75 h. The aika was smaller in patients who responded to FMT as compared to non-responders (2.13±0.75 h vs. 2.71±0.76 h, p =0.0002) as well as in patients achieving clinical remission (2.15±0.76 h vs. 2.42±0.76 h, p =0.05). There was no significant impact of aika on adverse effects except for the incidence of borborygmi after FMT, which was higher in patients with aika ≤2 h. Conclusion Early FMT after donor feces defecation favorably impacts the clinical response rates in patients with active UC.