MHD natural convection around “plus” shape of circular barriers under local thermal non-equilibrium condition inside a wavy porous cavity saturated with Al2O3-Cu/water

At the current model, MHD natural convection has been numerically inspected around five circular thermal gates subjected to the non-Fourier heat flux. Streamlines experience many twists due to the addressed heat sources. In other words, streamline vortices appear as agitated groups through the cavity. When the frequency of the wavy sides increases, streamlines heaviness disperses widely, and the convection is enforced. Besides, given that there is no leading line for the force’s action, the buoyancy force style exhibits peculiar behavior. Particularly, the convection regime is greatly supported by the heat generation parameter. In addition, the hybrid nanofluid provides a good chemical inertness for the electrical and thermal conductivity as to the molecular structure of the fluid particle. On the other hand, by lowering the heat exchange rate regardless of fluid flow behavior, the local thermal non-equilibrium condition maintains the system’s internal energy overall, keeps the system in a static thermodynamic case, and creates isolation zones through the cavity. Moreover, the average heat transfer at the relevant porous model is not entirely dependent on the average fluid flow because porosity is proportional to flow intensity but conversely proportional to the average Nusselt number on the left, right, and bottom sides. Incidentally, the fact that the isotherm summit is near the isolated surface even though it is not connected to the heat sources indicates that the heat sources release separate energy batches that float along specific paths inside the cavity. Furthermore, the mechanism of independent energy batches is confirmed by the fact that many isotherm groups share the same values as the undulation parameter increases.