Precursor T acute lymphoblastic leukemia from myelodysplastic syndrome in Fanconi anemia

Fanconi anemia is a rare autosomal recessive disease which is associated with an increased risk of malignancy. Acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome are the most common malignancies. This case report is on an infant who was diagnosed with Fanconi anemia and developed myelodysplastic syndrome in his first year of life which later likely transformed into T acute lymphoblastic leukemia. These findings were demonstrated by FISH. The case highlights a rare lymphoid neoplasm in an FA patient and also the increased incidence of T lineage neoplasms when MDS transforms into a lymphoid leukemia.