Super-extreme events in a forced Bonhoeffer–van der Pol oscillator

Super-extreme events (SEEs) are considered rare events and have been reported by only a few researchers. However, interest in these occurrences have increased nowadays because of their possible applications in analysing different systems, such as biological, chemical, electrical and engineering systems. In this paper, we report the phenomenon of SEEs in the forced Bonhoeffer–van der Pol (BVP) oscillator-a two-dimensional forced system. We investigate the general dynamics of this system through time series analysis, two-dimensional phase diagrams, surface-of-section plots, one-parameter bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov spectra and verify the existence of SEEs using characterisation tools, such as phase slips studies and probability distributions analysis. The novelty of our work lies in the fact that we report the observation of extreme and super-extreme events in real-time by simple low-dimensional nonlinear circuit.