Non-destructive Evaluation of Tube-to-Tube Sheet Roller Expanded Joint Quality Using Magnetic Coercive Force Measurements
A novel technique for evaluating roller expansion joint quality of ASTM A192 carbon steel tubes to SA 299 Gr.A tube sheet by correlation with its magnetic coercive force (MCF) has been presented. Roller expansion joint strength in respect of different percentages of apparent wall reduction (%WR) and...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of materials engineering and performance 2024-06, Vol.33 (12), p.5925-5936 |
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Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
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Zusammenfassung: | A novel technique for evaluating roller expansion joint quality of ASTM A192 carbon steel tubes to SA 299 Gr.A tube sheet by correlation with its magnetic coercive force (MCF) has been presented. Roller expansion joint strength in respect of different percentages of apparent wall reduction (%WR) and temperature rise up to 600 °C was studied. The MCF, hardness values, pull-out strength, and microstructure of roller expanded joints were compared and analyzed concerning various %WR. It is observed that MCF and hardness values increase uniformly up to 12%WR with an increase in pull-out strength. A correlation between hardness and MCF was found. However, the development of severe plastic deformation at the inner tube surface above 12%WR gives a sharp rise in MCF values with decreased pull-out strength, which indicates over-expansion. Recovery and recrystallization of expansion joints during repair of neighboring tube reduce hardness, MCF, and pull-out strength with little change in microstructure. The MCF value after rolling has been critical to obtaining maximum strength. The study evaluated criteria for expansion joint quality using MCF within the recommended expansion range of 6-12%WR. It is inferred that MCF can effectively monitor expansion joint strength during initial rolling and after repair. |
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ISSN: | 1059-9495 1544-1024 |
DOI: | 10.1007/s11665-023-08350-1 |