Quantum sealed-bid auction protocol based on quantum secret sharing

A quantum sealed-bid auction (QSA) with post-confirmation can realize the public verification of the honesty of bidders. In this paper, we apply the quantum secret sharing (QSS) into the post-confirmation. Surprisingly, it shows that a QSS protocol with information leakage can better ensure the security of the protocol when applied to a quantum auction. We consider a QSS scheme based on quantum state discrimination, and use the stabilizer operation of quantum state to prevent bidders from tampering his/her bids. Moreover, an improved QSA protocol based on Bell states is present, which can resist all types of collusion attack. Compared with the previous protocol whose post-confirmation realized by quantum properties, the proposed protocol has the advantages of secure and efficient.