Generating higher order bright soliton pulse using integrated lithium niobate waveguides for higher end supercontinuum application

The supercontinuum spectrum is generated through a wide range of wavelengths by sending a short and strong pulse to the nonlinear medium and sputtering at the output and is used in optical measurements, spectroscopy, biological imaging optical coherence photography, etc. Integrated photonics is an idea to realize low-cost and microscale communication, sensing, and fast computing methods. In addition, the miniaturization and integration of photonic structures make possible new designs and applications that are inaccessible in their large volumes. Lithium niobate is one of the most widely used and attractive materials in the field of photonics due to its extraordinary electro-optical, acoustic-optical, nonlinear optics, wide transparency window, and relatively high refractive index. In this work, a lithium niobate waveguide is designed by choosing basic solitons as the input pulse and considering various effects such as high-order scattering, self-phase modulation, second harmonic generation, Raman effect, self-downward effect, etc. The proposed waveguide has super-sustainable production. This supercontinuum spectrum is designed in the waveguide, for the 10th order bright soliton at a distance of 35 mm, 4 times the initial width, for the 20th order bright soliton at 9 mm, 4 times the initial width, and for the 30th order bright soliton at 4.5 mm, 5 times the initial pulse width in the frequency domain are created. Such dimensions are suitable for use in photonic integrated circuits.