Preparation and thermal hazard evaluation of 1,3,3,5-tetra(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-pentane: A new energetic material of multicylco-tetrazoles

A novel multicyclo-tetrazoles energetic material, 1,3,3,5-tetra(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-pentane (TTZP), was prepared by 1,3,3,5-tetra(cyano)-pentane and sodium azide. The crystal structure is characterized by X-ray diffraction. The thermal stabilities and the kinetic parameters of TTZP were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and adiabatic calorimetry (Phi-TEC). Starink method was employed to calculate the activation energy based on the DSC data. Due to the complex reaction mechanism, the traditional method for the adiabatic data which using an n th-order reaction was modified based on the Kinetics Committee recommendations of the International Confederation for Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. Avrami–Erofeev equation which was selected for the adiabatic simulation has good performance on the calculation of activation energy and pre-exponential factor. Finally, the important safety parameters (self-accelerating decomposition temperature) was calculated and discussed.