Non-isothermal kinetic studies on thermal decomposition of energetic materials: KNF and NTO

Thermal stability and decomposition kinetics for two energetic materials, potassium nitroform (KNF) and 5-Nitro-2,4-dihydro-3 H -1,2,4-triazol-3-one (NTO), were investigated to obtain information on their safety for handling, storage, and use. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and simultaneous thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) techniques have been used to study thermal behavior of these energetic compounds. The results of TG analysis revealed that the main thermal degradation for the KNF occurs during two temperature ranges of 270–330 and 360–430 °C. Meanwhile, NTO decomposes completely in temperature range of 250–300 °C. TG-DTA analysis of KNF indicates that this energetic compound dehydrated (at about 108 °C) before its decomposition. However, NTO is thermally stable until its decomposition. The decomposition kinetic of energetic materials was studied by non-isothermal DSC under various heating rates. Kinetic parameters such as activation energy and frequency factor for thermal decomposition of energetic compounds were obtained via the methods proposed by ASTM E696 and Starink. Also, thermodynamic parameters correspond to the activation of thermal decomposition and critical ignition temperatures of the compounds were obtained.