A benchmark 1 g shaking table test of shallow segmental mini-tunnel in sand

A 1 g shaking table test of a shallow segmental mini-tunnel in sand is performed to investigate its dynamic responses. The properties of sand, the materials and design of the segmental tunnel, the construction process of testing models and the instrumentation scheme are introduced in full detail. Two levels of intensity and three typical central frequencies of idealized Ricker wavelets, making six cases of excitations, are applied to both the free-field model and the soil-tunnel model. Two white noise cases before and after the design-level cases are also performed to verify the dynamic characteristics of the models. Comprehensive results, including the acceleration responses of the two models, deformations at radial joints and in the diametral directions of the tunnel, bolt tensions between segments as well as strains of segments, are presented. The minutiae of the test are clarified to reduce uncertainties, and experimental results are carefully verified. It could be a benchmark test of segmental tunnels in dry sand ground by means of 1 g shaking table.