Laparoscopic lateral pelvic lymph node dissection combined with removal of the internal iliac vessels in rectal cancer: how to standardize this surgical procedure

Background Lateral pelvic lymph node dissection (LLND) combined with removal of the internal iliac vessels is a challenging surgical procedure in minimally invasive surgery. We herein report our dissection approach and short-term outcomes. Methods We conducted a study on rectal cancer patients who underwent laparoscopuic LLND combined with removal of the internal iliac vessels at our institution in March 2017–December 2019. In performing the surgery, we identified and dissected along the three pelvic sidewall fasciae (ureterohypogastric, umbilical prevesical and parietal pelvic fascia), located the internal ilial vein at the level of the common iliac vessels and carried out our dissection along the medial anterior surface of the internal iliac before transecting the vein. The duration of LLND was recorded as was the blood loss. Results There were 16 patients (10 males, mean age 65.4 ± 10.8 years). Five patients had primary surgery, and 11 had surgery for recurrence. The median blood loss of LLND was 10 ml (range, 0–250 ml), the median operating time was 173 min (range, 65–358 min), and post-operative complications were relatively mild. Seven of 16 patients (43.8%) were diagnosed with positive lateral nodes. The 2-year local recurrence-free and disease-free survival rates were 87.5% and 58.0%. Conclusion Recognizing the pelvic anatomical points illustrated in the present study contributes to the surgical safety of LLND combined with removal of the internal iliac vessels.