Permanent deformation during the oblique impact with friction

In this study, the displacement during the oblique impact of a rigid rod with a deformable flat has been studied. An approach has been developed in order to relate the impact duration, the normal permanent deformation and the sliding length during the impact. The same impact has been analyzed using the numerical simulations, and the theoretical and numerical results have been compared. An experimental setup was built to measure the motion of the rod before and after the impact. The deformation region after the impact was scanned and measured. Using the experimental results and the calculated impact duration, an average normal contact force was calculated. The presented approach yields to more accurate results compared to the direct integration of equations of motion using selected quasi-static contact models.