Soap-based Detergent Formulations: XIX. Amphoteric Alkylsuccinamide Derivatives as Lime Soap Dispersants

A series of amphoteric surfactants was synthesized by reaction of 1,3-propanesultone with N-alkyl-N'-omega,omega-dimethylaminoalkyl) succinamides. The intermediate succinamides were prepared by reacting methyl N-alkylsuccinamates, obtained from alkylamines containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms, with N,Ndimethyl- l,3-propylenediamine or N,N-dimethylethylenediamine neat. The amphoterics were isolated as hygroscopic crystalline solids having superior lime soap dispersing ability, water solubility, and calcium ion stability. Detergency studies at 0.2% concentration (300 ppm water hardness) indicated good washing ability when used alone and excellent performance in combination with soap or in soap-silicate formulations.