Toxic metal adsorption in the triassic sandstone aquifer of the English Midlands

Laboratory experimental results show that adsorption can be an important mechanisms in taking up heavy metals contained in groundwaters in the sandstones. The adsorption can be described in terms of Freundlich isotherms and can be simply modeled mathematically. The adsorption function has been integrated into mass balance equation, and tested using a laboratory sand tank model and in a small field study. The results show that the transport-adsorption models are not easily applied in the field because of hydrogeological complications.