Hyphenated Techniques Combined with Atomic Spectrometry for Environmental Studies

The hyphenated techniques including flow injection (FI) on-line microcolumn preconcentration and separation for environmental sample analysis with ICP-AFS and GFAAS; FI liquid-liquid solvent extraction for water sample analysis with FAAS and ICP-AES; sorbent extraction for the determination of trace elements in drinking waters and speciation analysis in Chinese tea-leaching solutions with FAAS and ICP-AES; FI on-line preconcentration with Co-APDC coprecipitation-dissolution for heavy metals in seawater and acid rain samples with GFAAS and ICP-AES; FI combined with electrochemical hydride generation for the simultaneous determination of hydride-forming elements in seawater with ICP-AES, As, Sb, and Se in Chinese herbs with AAS; and HPLC combined with ICP-AES for multielement speciation separation and simultaneous determinations are described briefly. The basic principles, the characteristics of the system design, and the applications of the techniques to environmental sample analyses are covered.