Resveratrol Is a Selective Human Cytochrome P450 1A1 Inhibitor

Resveratrol (trans-3,4′,5-trihydroxystilbene) is a phytoalexin compound found in juice and wine produced from dark-skinned grape cultivars and reported to have anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic activities. To investigate the mechanism of anticarcinogenic activities of resveratrol, the effects on cytochrome P450 (P450) were determined in human liver microsomes and Escherichia coli membranes coexpressing human P450 1A1 or P450 1A2 with human NADPH-P450 reductase (bicistronic expression system). Resveratrol slightly inhibited ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation (EROD) activity in human liver microsomes with an IC50 of 1.1 mM. Interestingly, resveratrol exhibited potent inhibition of human P450 1A1 in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 of 23 μM for EROD and IC50 of 11 μM for methoxyresorufin O-demethylation (MROD). However, the inhibition of human P450 1A2 by resveratrol was not so strong (IC50 1.2 mM for EROD and 580 μM for MROD). Resveratrol showed over 50-fold selectivity for P450 1A1 over P450 1A2. The activities of human NADPH-P450 reductase were not significantly changed by resveratrol. In a human P450 1A1/reductase bicistronic expression system, resveratrol inhibited human P450 1A1 activity in a mixed-type inhibition (competitive-noncompetitive) with a Ki values of 9 and 89 μM. These results suggest that resveratrol is a selective human P450 1A1 inhibitor, and may be considered for use as a strong cancer chemopreventive agent in humans.