The Activity of Plant-Derived Antiretroviral Proteins MAP30 and GAP31 against Herpes Simplex Virus Infectionin Vitro

We examined the effect of anti-HIV proteins MAP30 and GAP31, fromMomordica charantiaandGelonium multiflorum, on the infection and replication of Herpes Simplex Viruses (HSV). Human lung WI-38 fibroblasts cultured in the presence of tenfold dilutions of MAP30 or GAP31 were exposed to HSV and viral yield was measured at 24–48 hours by ELISA. The effective concentrations for 50% inhibition (EC50) were 0.1–0.2 μM for HSV-2, and 0.3–0.5 μM for HSV-1 for MAP30 and GAP31, respectively. In comparison, the EC50for acyclovir (ACV), a commonly used anti-HSV drug, was 0.2 and 1.6 μM for HSV-2 and HSV-1, respectively. The cytotoxicity of all three antivirals was negligible and comparable. However, the antiherpetic activity of the plant proteins against acyclovir-resistant strains was two to three logs more potent than ACV. These results suggest that MAP30 and GAP31, previously shown to be active against HIV, may be useful for the therapy of herpesvirus infections.