Potentiation of Anti-HIV Activity of Anti-inflammatory Drugs, Dexamethasone and Indomethacin, by MAP30, the Antiviral Agent from Bitter Melon

MAP30 is an antiviral protein from bitter melon (Momordica charantia). The enhancement of weak HIV antagonists, dexamethasone and indomethacin, by MAP30 has been examined by measuring the reduction in p24 expression in acutely infected MT-4 lymphocytes. In the presence of 1.5 nM MAP30 the IC50 dose of dexamethasone and indomethacin has been lowered, without concurrent cytotoxicity, at least a thousand-fold to 10−7 M and 10−8 M, respectively. This observation indicates that MAP30, a multifunctional antiviral plant protein capable of topological inactivation of viral DNA and specific cleavage of 28 S ribosomal RNA, may regulate HIV replication in concert with steroid and non-steroidal inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis. The results suggest that use of MAP30 in combination with low pharmacological doses of dexamethasone and indomethacin may improve the efficacy of anti-HIV therapy.