Synthesis of ω-Agatoxin IVA and Its Related Peptides

A potent and selecetive P type calcium channel blocker isolated from the venom of the funnel web spider Agelenopsis aperta, ω-agatoxin IVA, and its related peptides were synthesized by the solution procedure. Synthetic ω-agatoxin IVA was found to block high-threshold P-type calcium current in rat Purkinje neuron with the same potency as that reported for the natural product. Its disulfide structure was determined by amino acid analysis, gas-phase sequencing and mass spectrometry of the proteolytic fragments. The N-terminus biotinylated and truncated peptides showed the same disulfide-bond-forming profile and the same activities as those of ω-agatoxin IVA, indicating that the N-terminal basic tripeptide, Lys-Lys-Lys, is not important for both the folding and the expression of the biological activity. However, the Trp residue in the molecule might be essential for the toxin to bind tightly with the channel pores.