Fe III ‐Based Nanomaterials: A Nanozyme Layer with Peroxidase‐Like Activity for Chemical and Biosensors Applications: A Review

The peroxidase with the most commonly is horseradish peroxidase ‐HRP, with its activity is degradation of hydrogen peroxide into reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is widely used in bio‐catalyzing processes, chemical/biosensors, environments treatments and electrochemical analysis. Unfortunately, by the natural origin, peroxidases are easily losing their activities when the pH is too high or too low, or they are easily inactive when exposing under the light or working temperature above 50 °C. In addition, because of it is a biological molecule, HRP usually loses its activity over time of storage. Therefore, there have been many ideas for synthesizing and using of nanomaterials with HRP‐mimicking activity, which are named nanozymes, to replacing of HRP in biosensor catalysis, organic decomposition catalysis, photocatalysis, synthesis of materials or pharmaceutical synthesis. Using nanozymes give a lot of benefits because of nanozymes are more stable and they usually have stronger catalytic activities than that of natural enzymes. Among of them, Fe (III) ‐based peroxidase nanozymes (Fe (III) PONs) are widely used thanks to simple synthesis processes, costly, easy for storage and using. This review focuses on the synthesis, specific properties and applications of Fe (III) PONs, specially in chemical and biosensor applications.