Is it a mottled duck? The key is in the feathers

The Florida mottled duck (Anas fulvigula fulvigula) is threatened by introgression through hybridization with feral mallards (A. platyrhynchos). An essential component in managing this threat is the ability to accurately distinguish mottled ducks from mallards and hybrids in the wild. We provide a g...

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Veröffentlicht in:Wildlife Society bulletin 2016-09, Vol.40 (3), p.446-455
Hauptverfasser: Bielefeld, Ronald R., Engilis Jr, Andrew, Feddersen, Jamie C., Eadie, John M., Tringali, Michael D., Benedict Jr, R. Joseph
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container_end_page 455
container_issue 3
container_start_page 446
container_title Wildlife Society bulletin
container_volume 40
creator Bielefeld, Ronald R.
Engilis Jr, Andrew
Feddersen, Jamie C.
Eadie, John M.
Tringali, Michael D.
Benedict Jr, R. Joseph
description The Florida mottled duck (Anas fulvigula fulvigula) is threatened by introgression through hybridization with feral mallards (A. platyrhynchos). An essential component in managing this threat is the ability to accurately distinguish mottled ducks from mallards and hybrids in the wild. We provide a genetically cross-validated phenotype key that accurately identifies mottled ducks. We collected data on structural and plumage traits from museum specimens of Florida, USA, mottled ducks and mallards to identify morphological traits useful in this process. We performed extensive comparisons and discriminant function analysis to identify traits informative in distinguishing the 2 species. We used these traits to preliminarily assign 168 contemporary birds as putative mottled duck, mallard, or hybrid. We collected tissue samples from each contemporary specimen and amplified and genotyped associated DNA. We used microsatellite markers to determine posterior probability species assignments for the 168 specimens. We then performed recursive partitioning of phenotypic traits and posterior genotype assignments to create identification keys based on the most informative traits separating mottled ducks from mallards and hybrids. Finally, we cross-validated the keys by comparing assignments made using the key to those from genotyping for 339 wild ducks. The keys were >90% accurate, which suggests that their adoption will increase the ability of managers to address the threat of hybridization by mallards by allowing mottled ducks to be distinguished from other ducks in Florida. Our research provides a methodology to develop genetically cross-validated identification keys for other species threatened by genetic introgression.
doi_str_mv 10.1002/wsb.665
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subjects Anas fulvigula fulvigula
Florida
genetic identification
identification key
introgression
mottled duck
Original Article
title Is it a mottled duck? The key is in the feathers
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