Is it a mottled duck? The key is in the feathers
The Florida mottled duck (Anas fulvigula fulvigula) is threatened by introgression through hybridization with feral mallards (A. platyrhynchos). An essential component in managing this threat is the ability to accurately distinguish mottled ducks from mallards and hybrids in the wild. We provide a g...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Wildlife Society bulletin 2016-09, Vol.40 (3), p.446-455 |
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creator | Bielefeld, Ronald R. Engilis Jr, Andrew Feddersen, Jamie C. Eadie, John M. Tringali, Michael D. Benedict Jr, R. Joseph |
description | The Florida mottled duck (Anas fulvigula fulvigula) is threatened by introgression through hybridization with feral mallards (A. platyrhynchos). An essential component in managing this threat is the ability to accurately distinguish mottled ducks from mallards and hybrids in the wild. We provide a genetically cross-validated phenotype key that accurately identifies mottled ducks. We collected data on structural and plumage traits from museum specimens of Florida, USA, mottled ducks and mallards to identify morphological traits useful in this process. We performed extensive comparisons and discriminant function analysis to identify traits informative in distinguishing the 2 species. We used these traits to preliminarily assign 168 contemporary birds as putative mottled duck, mallard, or hybrid. We collected tissue samples from each contemporary specimen and amplified and genotyped associated DNA. We used microsatellite markers to determine posterior probability species assignments for the 168 specimens. We then performed recursive partitioning of phenotypic traits and posterior genotype assignments to create identification keys based on the most informative traits separating mottled ducks from mallards and hybrids. Finally, we cross-validated the keys by comparing assignments made using the key to those from genotyping for 339 wild ducks. The keys were >90% accurate, which suggests that their adoption will increase the ability of managers to address the threat of hybridization by mallards by allowing mottled ducks to be distinguished from other ducks in Florida. Our research provides a methodology to develop genetically cross-validated identification keys for other species threatened by genetic introgression. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1002/wsb.665 |
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The key is in the feathers</title><source>Access via Wiley Online Library</source><source>JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing</source><creator>Bielefeld, Ronald R. ; Engilis Jr, Andrew ; Feddersen, Jamie C. ; Eadie, John M. ; Tringali, Michael D. ; Benedict Jr, R. Joseph</creator><creatorcontrib>Bielefeld, Ronald R. ; Engilis Jr, Andrew ; Feddersen, Jamie C. ; Eadie, John M. ; Tringali, Michael D. ; Benedict Jr, R. Joseph</creatorcontrib><description>The Florida mottled duck (Anas fulvigula fulvigula) is threatened by introgression through hybridization with feral mallards (A. platyrhynchos). An essential component in managing this threat is the ability to accurately distinguish mottled ducks from mallards and hybrids in the wild. We provide a genetically cross-validated phenotype key that accurately identifies mottled ducks. We collected data on structural and plumage traits from museum specimens of Florida, USA, mottled ducks and mallards to identify morphological traits useful in this process. We performed extensive comparisons and discriminant function analysis to identify traits informative in distinguishing the 2 species. We used these traits to preliminarily assign 168 contemporary birds as putative mottled duck, mallard, or hybrid. We collected tissue samples from each contemporary specimen and amplified and genotyped associated DNA. We used microsatellite markers to determine posterior probability species assignments for the 168 specimens. We then performed recursive partitioning of phenotypic traits and posterior genotype assignments to create identification keys based on the most informative traits separating mottled ducks from mallards and hybrids. Finally, we cross-validated the keys by comparing assignments made using the key to those from genotyping for 339 wild ducks. The keys were >90% accurate, which suggests that their adoption will increase the ability of managers to address the threat of hybridization by mallards by allowing mottled ducks to be distinguished from other ducks in Florida. Our research provides a methodology to develop genetically cross-validated identification keys for other species threatened by genetic introgression.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1938-5463</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1938-5463</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2328-5540</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/wsb.665</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Anas fulvigula fulvigula ; Florida ; genetic identification ; identification key ; introgression ; mottled duck ; Original Article</subject><ispartof>Wildlife Society bulletin, 2016-09, Vol.40 (3), p.446-455</ispartof><rights>2016 The Wildlife Society</rights><rights>The Wildlife Society, 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4045-6c20b7c56f31a70d68898a42ec684a0c6030a5a4f4a837a3d0e1d66cf8da630c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4045-6c20b7c56f31a70d68898a42ec684a0c6030a5a4f4a837a3d0e1d66cf8da630c3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/wildsocibull2011.40.3.446$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/wildsocibull2011.40.3.446$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,803,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575,58017,58250</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Bielefeld, Ronald R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Engilis Jr, Andrew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Feddersen, Jamie C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eadie, John M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tringali, Michael D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Benedict Jr, R. Joseph</creatorcontrib><title>Is it a mottled duck? The key is in the feathers</title><title>Wildlife Society bulletin</title><addtitle>Wildl. Soc. Bull</addtitle><description>The Florida mottled duck (Anas fulvigula fulvigula) is threatened by introgression through hybridization with feral mallards (A. platyrhynchos). An essential component in managing this threat is the ability to accurately distinguish mottled ducks from mallards and hybrids in the wild. We provide a genetically cross-validated phenotype key that accurately identifies mottled ducks. We collected data on structural and plumage traits from museum specimens of Florida, USA, mottled ducks and mallards to identify morphological traits useful in this process. We performed extensive comparisons and discriminant function analysis to identify traits informative in distinguishing the 2 species. We used these traits to preliminarily assign 168 contemporary birds as putative mottled duck, mallard, or hybrid. We collected tissue samples from each contemporary specimen and amplified and genotyped associated DNA. We used microsatellite markers to determine posterior probability species assignments for the 168 specimens. We then performed recursive partitioning of phenotypic traits and posterior genotype assignments to create identification keys based on the most informative traits separating mottled ducks from mallards and hybrids. Finally, we cross-validated the keys by comparing assignments made using the key to those from genotyping for 339 wild ducks. The keys were >90% accurate, which suggests that their adoption will increase the ability of managers to address the threat of hybridization by mallards by allowing mottled ducks to be distinguished from other ducks in Florida. Our research provides a methodology to develop genetically cross-validated identification keys for other species threatened by genetic introgression.</description><subject>Anas fulvigula fulvigula</subject><subject>Florida</subject><subject>genetic identification</subject><subject>identification key</subject><subject>introgression</subject><subject>mottled duck</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><issn>1938-5463</issn><issn>1938-5463</issn><issn>2328-5540</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kMtOwzAQRS0EEqUgfiE7FihlHDtOskK0glKpBQmKurQmfkDalCA7VenfYwiq2LCaGfvcs7iEnFMYUIDkauvLgRDpAenRguVxygU7_LMfkxPvlwAggGY9AhMfVW2E0bpp29roSG_U6jqav5loZXZRFX7fozZc1mAYzp-SI4u1N2e_s09e7m7no_t4-jiejG6mseLA01ioBMpMpcIyihlokedFjjwxSuQcQQlggClyyzFnGTINhmohlM01CgaK9cmk8-oGl_LDVWt0O9lgJX8eGvcq0bWVqo3ETBWigIwqZnhSlpiKMrUARaKoZhaC66JzKdd474zd-yjI79JkKE2G0gJ52ZHbqja7_zC5eB529KCjl75t3J4OWe0bVZWbuk6AUslBMslD-X0Sd4HKt-ZzH0C3kiJjWRA_jOViPuPT4ROXM_YFwpqJ4A</recordid><startdate>201609</startdate><enddate>201609</enddate><creator>Bielefeld, Ronald R.</creator><creator>Engilis Jr, Andrew</creator><creator>Feddersen, Jamie C.</creator><creator>Eadie, John M.</creator><creator>Tringali, Michael D.</creator><creator>Benedict Jr, R. Joseph</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Wildlife Society</general><general>Wiley</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201609</creationdate><title>Is it a mottled duck? The key is in the feathers</title><author>Bielefeld, Ronald R. ; Engilis Jr, Andrew ; Feddersen, Jamie C. ; Eadie, John M. ; Tringali, Michael D. ; Benedict Jr, R. Joseph</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4045-6c20b7c56f31a70d68898a42ec684a0c6030a5a4f4a837a3d0e1d66cf8da630c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Anas fulvigula fulvigula</topic><topic>Florida</topic><topic>genetic identification</topic><topic>identification key</topic><topic>introgression</topic><topic>mottled duck</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Bielefeld, Ronald R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Engilis Jr, Andrew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Feddersen, Jamie C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eadie, John M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tringali, Michael D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Benedict Jr, R. Joseph</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Wildlife Society bulletin</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Bielefeld, Ronald R.</au><au>Engilis Jr, Andrew</au><au>Feddersen, Jamie C.</au><au>Eadie, John M.</au><au>Tringali, Michael D.</au><au>Benedict Jr, R. Joseph</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Is it a mottled duck? The key is in the feathers</atitle><jtitle>Wildlife Society bulletin</jtitle><addtitle>Wildl. Soc. Bull</addtitle><date>2016-09</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>40</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>446</spage><epage>455</epage><pages>446-455</pages><issn>1938-5463</issn><eissn>1938-5463</eissn><eissn>2328-5540</eissn><abstract>The Florida mottled duck (Anas fulvigula fulvigula) is threatened by introgression through hybridization with feral mallards (A. platyrhynchos). An essential component in managing this threat is the ability to accurately distinguish mottled ducks from mallards and hybrids in the wild. We provide a genetically cross-validated phenotype key that accurately identifies mottled ducks. We collected data on structural and plumage traits from museum specimens of Florida, USA, mottled ducks and mallards to identify morphological traits useful in this process. We performed extensive comparisons and discriminant function analysis to identify traits informative in distinguishing the 2 species. We used these traits to preliminarily assign 168 contemporary birds as putative mottled duck, mallard, or hybrid. We collected tissue samples from each contemporary specimen and amplified and genotyped associated DNA. We used microsatellite markers to determine posterior probability species assignments for the 168 specimens. We then performed recursive partitioning of phenotypic traits and posterior genotype assignments to create identification keys based on the most informative traits separating mottled ducks from mallards and hybrids. Finally, we cross-validated the keys by comparing assignments made using the key to those from genotyping for 339 wild ducks. The keys were >90% accurate, which suggests that their adoption will increase the ability of managers to address the threat of hybridization by mallards by allowing mottled ducks to be distinguished from other ducks in Florida. Our research provides a methodology to develop genetically cross-validated identification keys for other species threatened by genetic introgression.</abstract><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><doi>10.1002/wsb.665</doi><tpages>10</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Anas fulvigula fulvigula Florida genetic identification identification key introgression mottled duck Original Article |
title | Is it a mottled duck? The key is in the feathers |
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