Influence of Deer Hunting and Residual Stand Structure on Tree Regeneration in Deciduous Forests

Chronically overabundant white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) populations have made it difficult to regenerate desirable woody species throughout much of their range in the eastern United States and southern Canada. Neither silvicultural prescriptions nor deer management alone have resulted in successful forest regeneration. We tallied woody stems (≥1 m tall,