Cinnamomum cassia extracts reverses TGF‐β1‐induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition in human lung adenocarcinoma cells and suppresses tumor growth in vivo

Metastasis is the most common cause of cancer‐related mortality in patients, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is essential for cancer metastasis and antidrug resistance. Cinnamomum cassia has several antioxidative, anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer biological effects. However, the anti‐EMT effect of C. cassia in human lung carcinoma is rarely reported. In this study, we determined whether C. cassia extracts (CCE) reduces the EMT and tumor growth of human lung adenocarcinoma cells. CCE inhibited the transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1‐induced cell motility and invasiveness of A549 and H1299 cells by repressing matrix metalloproteinase‐2 and urokinase‐type plasminogen activator as well as impaired cell adhesion to collagen. CCE also affected the TGF‐β1‐induced EMT by downregulating the expression of vimentin and fibronectin and upregulating E‐cadherin. The nude mice xenograft model showed that CCE reduced A549 tumor growth. Thus, CCE possesses antimetastatic activity of A549 and H1299 cells by affecting EMT and suppressing A549 tumor growth in vivo. This result suggested that CCE could be used as an antimetastatic agent or as an adjuvant for anticancer therapy.