Omphalocele and gastroschisis: An analysis of prenatal diagnosis and neonatal outcomes

Background Omphalocele and gastroschisis are the most frequent congenital developmental abdominal wall defects. Prenatal diagnosis of omphalocele and gastroschisis is critical in the management of the pregnancy, affording patients the option of termination. This study aims to evaluate the prenatal diagnosis and postnatal outcomes of omphalocele and gastroschisis cases. Materials and Methods The cases of gastroschisis and omphalocele diagnosed prenatally and followed up at our university were evaluated retrospectively between January 2019 and January 2022. Maternal demographic and clinical characteristics and perinatal outcomes were compared between the cases. Results This study evaluated 42 omphalocele and nine gastroschisis cases. All gastroschisis cases were isolated (p = .001). Additional anomalies were present in 61.9% of omphalocele cases. While two patients with gastroschisis refused the invasive procedure, the genetic results of the others were normal. The karyotype was abnormal in 42.9% of omphalocele cases (p = .008). Half of the omphalocele cases were terminated, and 38.1% (n = 8) of the terminated omphalocele cases were trisomy 18. The coexistence of multiple system anomalies and cystic hygroma was high in the terminated cases. In all cases of gastroschisis, only the intestines protruded from the abdominal wall into the amniotic fluid. The number of survivors of omphalocele was 23.8%. The median hospital stay was 25 and 14 days for gastroschisis and omphalocele, respectively. Conclusion Prenatal diagnosis of omphalocele and gastroschisis is critical in pregnancy management. The presence of associated anomalies determines the prognosis of omphalocele and gastroschisis.