Organic‐Inorganic Halide Perovskites: From Crystallization of Polycrystalline Films to Solar Cell Applications

In recent years, tremendous research interest has been devoted to organic–inorganic halide perovskites because of their excellent optical and electrical properties, which make them intriguing photovoltaic materials. The recorded efficiency of Pb‐based halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has gone beyond 24%, thus fulfilling their potential for industrialization. The photovoltaic performance of PSCs is predominantly determined by the quality of the perovskite film, which in turn, is controlled by the fabrication process. Therefore, a comprehensive and in‐depth understanding of fundamental polycrystalline perovskite film formation is imperative for further development of PSC manufacturing. This review summarizes recent advances in the field of PSCs and mainly reviews the fundamental knowledge of nucleation and growth during perovskite crystallization from solution processing methods and promising small area and large‐scale solution manufacturing methods combined with their properties and relevant PSC performance. A brief overview of stabilization strategies and cost discussion is then presented. Finally, the challenges and outlooks of PSC development for upcoming photovoltaic technology for industrial application are discussed. A comprehensive and in‐depth understanding of fundamental polycrystalline perovskite film formation is first summarized, which provides a guidance base for various solution processing methods. Benefitting from the development of film manufacture, small‐ and large‐scale perovskite films with high quality are obtained, which contribute to the excellent performance in photovoltaics and stability of perovskite solar cells.