Determination of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Anticancer Properties of Newly Synthesized 2‐methoxyphenyl Thiophene Derivatives

In this study, antioxidants, anticancer, and antimicrobial properties of four newly synthesized thiophene derivatives were investigated. In addition, basic ADME properties were calculated in silico. According to the study's findings, tested compounds antioxidant activity was weaker than the standards in both the FRAP and ABTS assays. The MTT analysis revealed that the chemicals 3 and 4 were cytotoxic to every cancer cell line that was tested. 3 and 4 increased the rate of apoptosis in the tested cancer cells at levels close to that in the positive control group. The gene expression levels of apoptotic markers (BAX, Bcl‐2, Casp‐3, ‐8, and ‐9) detected at all cell lines after incubation with 3 and 4 were changed as expected for apoptotic agents, except Bcl‐2 of HT‐29. It was concluded that the addition of bromine to C2 of thiophene cycle of 3, resulted 4 with greater apoptotic potential probably because of a change in molecular conformation and ligand exchange kinetics. Compound 3 was found to have antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, while 4 was found to have antibacterial activity on gram‐positive bacteria. In silico ADME/T analysis revealed that 3 and 4 were able to pass through the gastrointestinal tract lumen and blood‐brain barrier. As a result of this study, it was seen that the tested thiophene derivatives showed antifungal, antibacterial, and anticancer effects. It was also found that the compounds induced apoptosis and showed weak antioxidant capacity. ADME/T analysis revealed that these compounds can pass through the gastrointestinal system lumen and the blood‐brain barrier.