Synthesis and Antibacterial Properties of Manganese Dioxide Nanostructures: A Review

Transition element‐based materials hold advantageous morphological and physicochemical attributes due to their remarkably varying valence states and highly stable metal ions. Amidst them, manganese dioxide (MnO2) has gained massive interest from researchers due to its ease of fabricating diverse nanostructures with unique morphological, physicochemical, and optoelectronic features. In addition, MnO2 has displayed exciting potential as biomedicine owing to its good biocompatibility, large surface area, and ultrathin thickness. This allows its participation in intracellular biochemical reactions, causing alteration of the internal microenvironment. To domain these exceptional features and enhance biocompatibility, several MnO2‐based nanocomposites have been devised by researchers. In this review article, we attempt to provide a comprehensive assessment of various MnO2‐based nanoparticle synthesis and its corresponding antibacterial activity explored over the past decade. The development of innovative antibacterial agents is essential considering the increasing threat of antibiotic resistance. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the synthesis methods, modes of action, and antibacterial efficacy of MnO2 nanoparticles. Furthermore, we discuss the role of ROS in the mechanism of action, the influence of doped MnO2 on antibacterial activity and their prospects, emphasizing its potential as a viable alternative to traditional antibiotics.