Nanomaterials: A Promising Material for Cardiac Hemostasis

As a pump to supply blood to the body, the heart is one of the essential organs. Cardiac hemostasis is a great challenge due to extremely high blood pressure and the need to stop the bleeding in a minimal time. In recent decades, more convenient, faster, and fewer toxic hemostatic materials have been developed for wound treatment and hemostasis in clinical and emergency situations. Besides, functional nanomaterials with large specific surface areas and high porosity have received extensive attention as hemostatic agents. In this review, we summarize the current status of cardiac hemostasis and the application of hemostatic materials in cardiac hemostasis, then introduce the application of nanomaterials in biomedicine and cardiac surgery. Finally, we discuss the prospects and challenges in the field of cardiac hemostasis. Whether in war or accident, uncontrollable bleeding caused by cardiac trauma has a high mortality rate, so cardiac hemostatic is of great significance. This article summarizes and comments the existing cardiac hemostatic materials, which can guide the ideal cardiac hemostatic materials in the future and help to solve the clinical challenge of cardiac hemostasis.