Nanomaterials as Nanofertilizers and Nanopesticides: An Overview

Nanotechnology has acquired increasing interest recently in agriculture and crop production for achieving proficient utilization of resources by developing nanodelivery systems for agrochemical products or sensors (for nutrient status or water). The development of new nanofertilizers provides a promising opportunity to improve plant mineral nutrition. According to the reports, nanostructured materials are more efficient than traditional fertilizers, with a site‐specific and controlled release of nutrients that not only increased the efficacy of plant uptake but also reduced negative environmental effects due to the loss of nutrients into the environmental matrices. In this section, we illustrate various kinds of novel nanostructured materials as promising carriers for nutrients such as nanoclays, carbon nanodots, carbon nanotubes, and nanofibers, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, carbon‐based nanomaterials, and polymeric nanoparticles. Also, the impact of nanomaterials on pesticides is discussed. They play a great contribution to enhancing agricultural productivity involving for gradual release and proper pesticide dosage to aid pest control. Different nanomaterials used are discussed contributing to the reduction of the exposure of humans to pesticides. New nanofertilizers provide a promising opportunity to improve plant mineral nutrition. Nanostructured materials are more efficient than traditional fertilizers, with a site‐specific and controlled release of nutrients that not only increased the efficacy of plant uptake but also reduced negative environmental effects (due to loss of nutrients into environmental matrices). In this review, we illustrate various kinds of novel nanostructured materials as promising carriers for nutrients. The impact of nanomaterials on pesticides is also discussed (enhancement the agricultural productivity).