Advancement towards Antibiotic Remediation: Heterostructure and Composite materials

Today's world is on the verge of antibiotic pollution by humans, veterinary therapeutics polluting our water body, and on account of the scarcity in advanced water treatment techniques in the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). It is of enormous importance to have an insight into various kinds of antibiotics and their attributes. The primary aspects of antimicrobial resistance caused by antibiotic pollution in the environment have been briefly enlightened. Here the nature and occurrence of antibiotics accumulation in the environment and a world pollution scenario have been illustrated. Adsorption and photocatalysis are the most standard techniques used for remediation. The well‐known nano photocatalyst heterostructure materials Titanium dioxide (TiO2), bismuth (Bi) materials are also utilized as the main frame materials for the composites and heterostructures. Alternatively, the porous carbon‐based materials and metal‐organic framework (MOF) materialsare entitled to their excellent adsorption capability. This review portrays comprehensive insight into the advances and breakthroughs made so far by different heterostructures and nanocomposite materials for antibiotics removal and provides a road map to future researchers towards a more efficient water treatment system. In this review paper, we have documented the emerging heterostructure and composite materials for efficient antibiotic remediation. A clear scenario of how much work has been done before hand is presented here concerning different types of antibiotics. Our manuscript creates a paradigm for future researchers working in this area of interest. It covers the harmful effects of antibiotic residues on the environment and presented the advances in the remediation methods by different heterostructure and composite materials.