Direct Formation of Amides from Carboxylic Acids and Amines Catalyzed by Niobium(V) Oxalate Hydrate
A wide range of metal salts and oxides were screened to test the catalytic effect in the formation of amides. A water‐compatible catalyst, Niobium(V) oxalate hydrate, proved the ability to catalyze the direct formation of amides from carboxylic acids and amines with a low catalyst loading of 1% in a...
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Veröffentlicht in: | ChemistrySelect (Weinheim) 2018-03, Vol.3 (9), p.2599-2603 |
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Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
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Zusammenfassung: | A wide range of metal salts and oxides were screened to test the catalytic effect in the formation of amides. A water‐compatible catalyst, Niobium(V) oxalate hydrate, proved the ability to catalyze the direct formation of amides from carboxylic acids and amines with a low catalyst loading of 1% in a 1:1 ratio of acids and amines, with the water removal through azeotropic distillation of toluene/water mixtures, which showed a good atomic economic efficiency. Both aromatic and aliphatic carboxylic acids worked well with primary aliphatic amines in the reaction, however, aniline, as an example of primary aromatic amines, needed more than one equivalent amount to complete the amide formation.
Amide formation can be achieved directly from carboxylic acids and amines, under the azeotropic removal of water through distillation with toluene, catalyzed by Niobium(V) oxalate hydrate, which is insensitive to H2O, easily handled and commercially available. During this reaction, oxalate showed the property of the ligand to Niobium(V) to help the catalytic process |
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ISSN: | 2365-6549 2365-6549 |
DOI: | 10.1002/slct.201800204 |