Soil properties and topographic features influence within‐field variation in potato tuber yield in New Brunswick, Canada

Reduced within‐field potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yield variation may lead to increased productivity and reduced environmental impact. Using soil samples collected from 88 site‐years in commercial fields in New Brunswick, Canada from 2013–2017, this study examined how within‐field variation in potato tuber yield was related to soil properties and topographic features. At each of 774 sampling locations, a wide range of soil physical and chemical properties was measured in the lab and topographic features were assessed using a regional digital elevation model. Principal component (PC) analysis identified three PCs, which accounted for 79.1% of the total variation. The PC1 (41.3% of total variance) was dominated by soil texture (i.e., sand, silt) and the quantity and quality of soil organic matter (i.e., soil organic C, particulate organic matter C, and soil C/N ratio). Under rain‐fed potato production in New Brunswick, finer soil texture and increased soil organic matter pools are expected to enhance soil water availability and thereby improve yield. The PC2 (22.7% of total variance) was related primarily to parameters associated with soil fertility, and PC3 (15.1% of total variance) was related primarily with concave or convex landforms, which may influence yield through drought or excess water. This study demonstrated the value in using multivariate approaches to identify the factors that control within‐field yield variability in the presence of significant regional variation in soil properties and environmental conditions. The findings point to the value of enhancing the quantity and quality of soil organic matter as a key strategy to overcome yield limitations under rain‐fed production. Core Ideas Within‐field yield variation was examined in 88 site‐years of potato fields. Principal component (PC) analysis identified three PCs, which explained 79.1% of total variation. Soil texture and quantity and quality of soil organic matter were most important. Soil fertility and concave–convex landforms were also important.