Characterization of TiO 2 Smoke Prepared Using Gas‐Phase Hydrolysis of TiCl 4

The formation of submicron TiO 2 smoke (a gas‐phase suspension) from titanium tetrachloride in a low‐pressure hydrolysis reaction in a simple reactor configuration has been studied. Particle size distribution, particle morphology and degree of crystallinity have been characterized as a function of reaction conditions. Highly crystalline anatase TiO 2 particles with narrow size distribution and smaller particle size were formed at high reactor temperature, while larger, amorphous particles were found at lower reactor temperatures. These results are consistent with literature studies. At 817 °C, small (450 nm), spherical, unagglomerated particles could be produced. A gas‐phase dispersion of these particles is intended for use as seeds in subsequent kinetic studies of titanium dioxide formation reactions involving a rapid compression methodology. The formation of submicron TiO 2 smoke in a low‐pressure hydrolysis reaction in a simple reactor configuration is described. The crystallinity, size and structure of the aggregates is described depending on reaction conditions. It is shown that structures may vary from almost spherical particles to highly structured, compact or fractal aggregates.