Innovative Phase Doppler Systems and their Applications

Theoretical and practical limits on the applicability of PDA are established, using generalized theoretical formulations of various physical processes governing the operation of a phase Doppler system. Furthermore, several innovative solutions are introduced to prevent the commonly occuring problems of PDA, such as Gaussian profile effect, non‐monotonic response and 2π‐ambiguity. Generalized formulations have also enabled new applications, such as sizing of submicron particles, particle material recognition, measurements with non‐standard geometries. Selected results of measurements in particulate flows, using innovative PDA systems, are also presented.