Stationary single waves in turbulent free‐surface flows

Stationary near‐critical turbulent open‐channel flow is considered. Allowing for locally enlarged roughness of the inclined bottom leads to the development of a stationary single wave. The waveform of the free surface is the key interest of this work. The flow is assumed to be fully developed far upstream and far downstream. In order to obtain the shape of the surface elevation as a result of the full equations of motion, an iteration procedure is used, which was successfully applied to the related problem of the undular hydraulic jump [1]. In addition to the classical solitary wave, the so‐called single wave of the second kind is studied numerically. The numerical results are compared with theoretical predictions and experimental data.