Non‐invasive investigation of parenchymal liver disease using 31 P NMR spectroscopy

Four 31 P NMR spectroscopy parameters were measured non‐invasively in the liver of 11 healthy pigs and 9 pigs with CCI 4 ‐induced liver disease: (i) absolute molar concentration of phosphorous metabolites; (ii) pH based on the chemical shift of the P i peak; (iii) T 1 of the peaks in the 31 P NMR spectrum; and (iv) changes in ATP, P i and phosphomonoester after fructose administration. Liver disease was verified by histology and blood chemistry. The concentration of ATP decreased from 3.0(2.8–3.1) to 2.0(2.0–2.4) mM (median and quartiles) when liver disease was induced (p