Comparative analysis of hemato‐biochemical profile, growth performance, and body composition of Common Carp cultured under different feed and habitats (biofloc technology and earthen pond systems)

Objective In the current study, a 4‐month experiment was conducted to investigate how two regularly used commercial feeds and two different environments (pond and biofloc systems) influence the haemato‐biochemical profile of Common Carp Cyprinus carpio. Methods Feeds (crude protein levels 30% and 28%) were selected due to their common use for carp culturing in Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Weekly surveys were conducted on the two fish farming systems, where the fish fed on different diets twice a day at 3% of their body weight. Water quality parameters were appropriate throughout the study. Haemato‐biochemical parameters were measured using standard protocol. In addition, the growth and muscle composition of Common Carp (initial average body weight ± SD of 15.2 ± 0.9 g) were also evaluated. Result According to the results, the number of haemato‐biochemical parameters, growth rate, and body muscle composition of fish fed on feed A compared to feed B was significantly higher (p < 0.05). However, on the basis of habitat, the haemato‐biochemical parameters, growth rate, and muscle composition were mostly significantly greater in biofloc fish compared to pond fish with a low mortality rate. Additionally, the alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase results in both systems were nonsignificant (p > 0.05). Further, the protein content of both feeds was positively related to the length and weight gain of the fish. As shown by the regression R2 and p‐value, crude protein in both feeds is more effective in biofloc technology. Conclusion Hence, feed A and biofloc technology were proved to be more suitable for the fish blood profile, growth parameters, and muscle composition. The current study provides the basic knowledge necessary to observe fish blood profile, growth, and muscle composition, which could be vital to understanding fish culture management and environmental factors. Impact statement The current study revealed that biofloc system provides healthy and good‐quality fish with high protein levels, which positively impacts consumer health. In addition, biofloc is a novel and eco‐friendly technology that can give local farmers high yields with less investment.